Constructing Tawhid Through Scriptural Evidence: A Textual Analysis Of Muhammad Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab's Kitab Al-Tawhid
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian terdahulu mengenai Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab cenderung menitikberatkan pembahasan pada biografi, gerakan pembaruan, dan klasifikasi teologisnya, sementara struktur argumentasi dalam Kitab al-Tawhid belum banyak dikaji secara mendalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana susunan bab serta penggunaan dalil Al-Qur'an dan hadis membangun argumentasi teologis mengenai pemurnian ibadah dan batas konseptual antara tauhid dan syirik. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretatif melalui analisis tekstual terhadap Kitab al-Tawhid edisi bahasa Inggris terbitan Dar-us-Salam tahun 1996, yang diperiksa silang dengan edisi bahasa Indonesia terbitan Darul Haq tahun 2017, literatur syarah, dan penelitian akademik terkait. Analisis difokuskan pada judul bab, dalil skriptural, proposisi doktrinal, serta praktik keagamaan yang dibahas dalam teks. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga tahapan argumentatif yang saling berkaitan, yaitu pembentukan landasan teologis dan keutamaan tauhid; penetapan batas konseptual terkait ibadah, perantaraan, dan kausalitas; serta perluasan implikasi tauhid terhadap sikap spiritual, otoritas keagamaan, dan ungkapan kebahasaan. Selain itu, klasifikasi tauhid menjadi rububiyyah, uluhiyyah, dan al-asma wa al-sifat dapat digunakan sebagai kerangka interpretatif, tetapi bukan merupakan struktur pengorganisasian yang dinyatakan secara eksplisit dalam teks. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan kajian teologi Islam melalui rekonstruksi struktur argumentasi Kitab al-Tawhid serta pembedaan antara proposisi teks utama, interpretasi dalam literatur syarah, dan sistematisasi teologis kontemporer.
Kata Kunci: Tauhid; Kitab al-Tawhid; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab; Argumentasi Skriptural; Analisis Tekstual.
Abstract
Previous studies on Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab have primarily emphasized his biography, reformist movement, and theological classifications, while the argumentative structure of Kitab al-Tawhid remains insufficiently examined. This study investigates how chapter organization and Qur'anic and hadith evidence construct theological arguments concerning the purification of worship and the conceptual boundaries between tawhid and shirk. Employing an interpretive qualitative approach, the study conducts textual analysis of the 1996 Dar-us-Salam English edition, cross-referenced with the 2017 Darul Haq Indonesian edition, exegetical commentaries, and relevant academic literature. The analysis focuses on chapter headings, scriptural evidence, doctrinal propositions, and religious practices discussed in the text. The findings reveal three interconnected argumentative stages: establishing the theological foundations and virtues of tawhid; defining boundaries related to worship, mediation, and causality; and extending the implications of tawhid to spiritual dispositions, religious authority, and linguistic expressions. Furthermore, the conventional classification of tawhid into rububiyyah, uluhiyyah, and al-asma wa al-sifat provides an interpretive framework but does not constitute the text's explicit organizational structure. The study contributes to Islamic theological scholarship by reconstructing the argumentative architecture of Kitab al-Tawhid and distinguishing its textual propositions from subsequent commentarial interpretations and contemporary theological systematizations.
Keywords: Tawhid; Kitab al-Tawhid; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab; Scriptural Argumentation; Textual Analysis.
References
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