ETIKA KOMUNIKASI: TELAAH LITERATUR TENTANG PENGERTIAN, UNSUR, PRINSIP DAN TUJUAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ILMU KOMUNIKASI
Abstract
Transformasi komunikasi digital memperluas akses masyarakat terhadap informasi, tetapi juga meningkatkan risiko disinformasi, ujaran kebencian, pelanggaran privasi, manipulasi konten, dan rendahnya tanggung jawab dalam berkomunikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep, unsur, prinsip, dan tujuan etika komunikasi serta menjelaskan relevansinya bagi penguatan literasi digital dan pendidikan masyarakat pada era digital. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui penelitian kepustakaan dengan sumber berupa buku ilmiah, artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional bereputasi, serta dokumen organisasi internasional yang relevan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi dan sintesis tematik melalui tahapan identifikasi, klasifikasi, perbandingan, interpretasi, dan perumusan hubungan antarkonsep. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa etika komunikasi merupakan sistem nilai yang melekat pada komunikator, pesan, media, komunikan, konteks, dampak, dan umpan balik. Prinsip utamanya mencakup kejujuran, tanggung jawab, keadilan, keterbukaan, penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia, dan akuntabilitas, sedangkan tujuannya meliputi pembangunan kepercayaan, perlindungan kepentingan publik, pembentukan dialog yang sehat, serta pencegahan penyalahgunaan informasi. Dalam pendidikan masyarakat, etika komunikasi menjadi landasan untuk menilai kredibilitas informasi, menghormati hak digital, menggunakan media secara bertanggung jawab, dan menghadapi konten berbasis kecerdasan buatan. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa etika komunikasi perlu diintegrasikan ke dalam pendidikan literasi digital untuk membangun ekosistem komunikasi yang kritis, inklusif, dan bertanggung jawab.
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